Thus the backcountry became a model for trans-Appalachian frontier development. The backcountry frontier of colonial Virginia reached westward from the Blue Ridge Mountains to the farthest extent of Virginia settlement in the eighteenth century. Citizens began regularly visiting speakeasies, secret bars where individuals gathered to socialize. The first talkie, The Jazz Singer, was released to a delighted public in 1927, marking the end of silent films. D. colonial governments attempts to extend political rights to new groups, 2. According to the court, Scopes had purposely violated the law and was fined $100; though the state Supreme Court later overturned the fine on a technicality. 76 0 obj Determined to farm in a European manner, the colonists introduced their domesticated livestockhoneybees, pigs, horses, mules, sheep, and cattleand their domesticated plants, including wheat, barley, rye, oats, grasses, and grapevines. u6IMQS!vvn2mT~> N]1dL$Ka3GllNZ {JR+.= l8XZ%mqj@q}][4{]$)w2.yi5a=~l4W{z#F?z&DQ`gu8d6%vp%cWg":Il{3]Ultwt8M%s-_$tDSJtbPaASk{CM^b'Xm#(75#f 4. The growth of the ideology of republican motherhood Greater independence and diversity of thought Movement of settlers to the backcountry The pursuit of social reform Question 3 60 seconds Q. He has taken away the most sacred rights of Life and Liberty from a distant people who never offended him. In a series of conflicts over trade and natural resources that consumed much of the latter half of the seventeenth century, the Five Nations of the Iroquois League had driven most native peoples out of the upper Ohio and Potomac River valleys by 1700. The former frontier was an articulation of a hierarchical plantation society, Anglo-Virginia culture, tobacco production, and African American slavery, while the latter was set apart by its more egalitarian social composition, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism, and small-farm, mixed grainlivestock economy that was dependent on neither tobacco nor slavery. The Spanish imported Africans as a new source of labor. To further restrict immigration, in 1924 Congress adjusted the quota system so it was based on the census of 1890 when few southern Europeans had arrived. Z{&]N8z*"U/X? The change in settlement patterns from 1700 to 1775 best explains the A. development of economic differences between the northern and southern colonies B. colonists' difficulties in effectively resisting the British military during the American Revolution endobj On November 7, 1919, federal agents in 12 cities raided the meeting places of the Union of Russian Workers. C. The gradual shift of European economies from feudalism to capitalism endobj (a) Explain ONE historical reason why Thomas Jefferson originally included this excerpt in the Declaration of Independence. Living in the northern states, blacks found they were able to speak out and act more freely, and thus their political and cultural influence started to expand. The poet T. S. Eliot exemplified the modernist ideal in much of his work. 2023 Magoosh Blog | High School. (A) Social Darwinists (B) Supporters of Southern secession and states' rights (C) Supporters of, 9 (0.5 points) Chantal, the human resource manager at Corner Store "R" US, wants to change the pay for Sin Ye. The Regulators were not seeking to overthrow the government, but rather to destroy the corruption that dwelled within it. Garvey came to New York from Jamaica in 1916, bringing with him the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), an organization he started two years earlier. The wealthy British officials in power were known to most of the lower-class North Carolinians as the courthouse ring, a group of corrupt officials who often preyed on the poor and unjustly extorted the colonists for their own gain. The series of colonist rebellions against the wealthy colonial elite and officials that followed would be known as the Regulator War or the Regulator Movement. Prohibition supplied organized crime with a massive influx of income. %@W>=[^E7I{[5quB8T8 j4TC,'*"gmTw & VvJ a)IQ')/. TOEFL Blog James Hunter, a leader of the Regulators, famously responded Fire and be damned! At noon, Tryon and his militia fired, and so began the Battle of Alamance. A. British governments attempt to assert greater control over the North American colonies D 176 0 obj The state and federal agencies charged with enforcing prohibition were understaffed, and many enforcement agents were susceptible to bribery. Encyclopedia Virginia946 Grady Ave. Ste. Wages for women typically remained low, especially when compared to the salary of a male performing the same job. An increase in conflicts between British settlers and American Indians In early 1917, the Bolshevik Party, headed by Vladimir Lenin, felt that the social climate in Russia was beginning to change in their favor. No longer a novelty of the wealthy, the efficient assembly line lowered the cost of a car enough that over 30 million were owned in America by 1930. In June 1919 a bomb that slipped through the postal screening exploded at the home of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer. The inclusion of the Backcountry in this picture allows all to see just how extensive the efforts to maintain the wealth and power of the planter elite. Which statements describe English and French exploration efforts during the mid-sixteenth century? Jazz music, the creation of black musicians working together in New Orleans in the late nineteenth century, started to gain widespread national popularity. The Lever Act of 1917 outlawed the use of grain and other foodstuffs in the production of alcoholic beverages. When the American Revolution began, many Regulators even stayed loyal to the crown, while some of Governor Tryons militia, who fought against the Regulators at Alamance, joined the Patriot cause. 88 0 obj Which of the following Native American societies built over a dozen multi-story apartment buildings into Chaco Canyon? The map most directly depicts the When farmers were brought to court, they were forced to pay in labor or throughother unfair means. [250 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 333 333 0 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 0 722 0 333 0 333 0 0 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444] The western area of the colony, also called the backcountry, consisted mostly of poor farming settlers whose income and resources were dependent on the yield of their crops. endobj 0000015520 00000 n Many African American women also found their voice during the Harlem Renaissance. 0000016437 00000 n Enduring sectional patterns emerged as Old Virginia remained committed to slavery, tobacco, and the politics of fiscal conservatism. Privacy Policy They attacked Fanningm leaving him severely injured,and then marched to his house where they looted the house and barn, and then burned both down. endobj 0000009739 00000 n Garvey was an influential political leader whose platform was based on promoting black expressionism and racial pride, ending imperialism in Africa, and unifying the dispersed black populations. The Pueblo Revolt led primarily to which of the following changes in Spanish colonial policy? Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself. endobj This term was commonly used in the colonial era, when frontier referred more specifically to national boundaries. 90 0 obj Later that year, the Regulators tried once more to reason with Governor Tryon and call his attention to the abuses of power, however, the Governor refused to meet. Allena Berry loves history; that should be known upfront. A. A. improving diets and thereby stimulating population growth Among Faulkners contributions to early modernist literature were the harsh war novels Soldiers Pay (1926), The Sound and the Fury (1929), and As I Lay Dying (1930). The Great Awakening contributed most directly to which of the following trends? {qH%OF'J)"?H ipE2USZJ>MiVj*q,c*ZB68Cq 0000019483 00000 n x} xTy2Kf&$dfMd CrD0 AI QuC[U\-Jpl h?Q\j hX3jmY=d @"] 0 i o /Oj`>'7?coDnY |9pgKZ On the labor front, women found more opportunity for work, but the jobs were limited to a few fields such as clerical, teaching, or roles in the service industry. Bacon's Rebellion was triggered when a grab for Native American lands was denied. 17. 340 0 obj<>stream Bryan agreed and what followed was a bitter exchange between Darrow and Bryan that ended in a quick adjournment of the court when the two charged at one another, fists raised. <>4]/P 6 0 R/Pg 155 0 R/S/Link>> Excerpt from Thomas Jeffersons Slavery Grievance in the first draft of the Declaration of Independence. SAT Blog Faced with this limitation, Darrow decided to try to attack the states position, and he asked if Bryan would take the stand as an expert of the Bible. C. pattern of American Indian resistance 0000010048 00000 n These illegal activities went unchecked by Governor Tryon as he did not want to lose the support of the colony officials. a. Indian tribes were divided in their loyalties, with some assisting the French and others the British, b. All of the following were Portugal's contributions to the Age of Exploration, EXCEPT, sponsoring Christopher Columbus's voyages. The dynamic town-and-country economies west of the Blue Ridge predisposed its peoples to favor banks, internal improvements, and other forms of economic modernization. by the use of Indonesian, rather than ethnic language, at home). Overall, the corrupt system of officials led to further class division and tension between already frustrated poorer citizens and the colonial government. Backcountry settlers were exposed to conflict and hardship, a circumstance that would have otherwise been thrust at the coastal settlements. Always 100% free. The growth of mercantile empires that stretched across the Atlantic <>23]/P 22 0 R/Pg 155 0 R/S/Link>> A growth of social tensions between backcountry settlers and coastal elites, King Philip's War could be best described as, a conflict between Native Americans and New England settlers, By the 1750's, the British colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT, disdain for British constitutional monarchy. 1TaR'__Txp# rC7 CwF@F# The eastern region was the home of the provincial government and most of the royal officials. Bryan died of a stroke five days after the trial ended, and his death was attributed to the stress of his testimony and the July courtroom heat. endobj We highly encourage students to help each other out and respond to other students' comments if you can! 192 0 obj (c) Explain ONE event from history that contradicts the views that Thomas Jefferson presents in this grievance. The emergence of this system by the close of the eighteenth century marked the end of the frontier period in western Virginia. [S.SE(>3 Z\ :Nf[D)EY[Q) 196 0 obj The case, often referred to as the Monkey Trial, began on July 13, 1925. Blending these musical forms with European influences resulted in a distinctive, improvisational sound, which spread across the country as African Americans moved northward. "In 1739 arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. [George] Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as an itinerant preacher. Fundamentalists believed that these new ideas minimized the importance of the Bible and contributed to the moral breakdown of young people. Pontiacs War (17631765), waged by Indians against the British in the Illinois and Ohio countries, also engrossed the backcountry in fear and fighting. But the colonists also inadvertently carried pathogens, weeds, and rats. 3. They believed that science and religion could not only coexist, each could support the others tenants and principles. Bryan, a well-known Presbyterian fundamentalist and an accomplished speaker, had helped to popularize the fundamentalist movement. This blog post will give you a variety of AP US history questions that you are likely to see on the APUSH exam, including short answers, all around exploration and colonization. Modernist Christians, who mostly lived in large cities, attempted to connect new scientific advances with religion. 17631765 Pontiac's War, waged by Indians against the British in the Illinois and Ohio countries, engrosses the backcountry of Virginia in fear and fighting. By the Spring of 1769, the Regulators were not only protesting, but also refusing to pay the taxes unfairly levied against them. In the absence of hard currency, commercial exchanges were measured by the calculation of debits and credits in book accounts. 0000002032 00000 n Magoosh Home However, competing In total, the battle lasted about two hours before the colonial militia had defeated the Regulators. 0000017779 00000 n In 1918, President Wilson asked Congress to approve a Constitutional amendment to allow women the right to vote, but the Senate failed to pass it by two votes. Frederick Taylor developed a method to standardize the manufacturing process through a step-by-step analysis and factories that applied his methodology were increasing their production. GRE Blog The pattern of colonial settlement up to 1700 resulted most directly from which of the following factors? 89 0 obj We invite you to learn more about Indians in Virginia in our Encyclopedia Virginia. One of the men that the Regulators seized was Edmund Fanning, British lawyer and close friend of Governor Tryon, who frequently extorted the colonists and was seen by many as the face of the governmental corruption. <>13]/P 19 0 R/Pg 155 0 R/S/Link>> xref 0000008904 00000 n North Carolina Office of Archives and History, Hope grew dim for the backcountry farmers and planters as the provincial government, located in the east, levied taxes that they could not pay. So productive was the agricultural economy west of the Blue Ridge, with a bountiful commerce pouring out of the region as profits in the flour and livestock trades and into it as imported goods in the consumer revolution, that the region came to be characterized as a New Virginia of high farming and market-town commerce. The proceeds of flour production then enabled frontier households to participate in a consumer revolution that transformed the British empire into an empire of goods by the end of the eighteenth century. <>/Metadata 2 0 R/Outlines 5 0 R/Pages 3 0 R/StructTreeRoot 6 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> (c) Although Jefferson chastises the King for being (supposedly) Christian and supporting the slave trade, many Christians in the United States used Christianity as a foundation for slavery. <> 1 Sometimes, drinking highly concentrated homemade concoctions resulted in blindness or death. As Americans abandoned the country in droves and moved to large cities, new ideas emerged among these urban transplants as the influence of modernism was taking hold. C. The phenomenon known as the Columbian Exchange Integrating them into a coherent imperial structure based on mercantilism. However, the backgrounds of the different classes in each situation were different. In 1765, King George III appointed British General William Tryon as Provincial Governor of North Carolina. In 1933, the Eighteenth Amendment upholding national prohibition was repealed by the ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment, which allowed the states to decide for themselves whether or not to support prohibition. Authorities urge non-English Protestant immigrants whose non-slavery-based small-farm communities might create a buffer against Indian attacks and French expansion, and deter runaway slaves seeking to establish independent colonies in the Appalachians. Lawyers from around the country came forward to defend him, and the stage was set for a sensationalistic event that would put progressive education on trial. Eventually, public opinion started to turn against Palmers crusade as people began to question the constitutionality of the raids led by Palmer. Some sources claim that Governor Tryon fired the first shot of the battle, killing a Regulator, although this claim is disputed. +!JP]kkW-?vEvPW1s#wRa1/#";pw 3M7&7WER`Om 23 In New York City alone the black population more than doubled between the years of 1920 to 1930. As World War I was raging in Europe, a political and social revolution defined by a struggle between the labor class and capitalists was taking place in Russia. Gertrude Stein, an expatriate living in Paris, is credited as being one of the first writers to popularize a modernist writing style starting with her 1906 book Three Lives. 0000001020 00000 n <><>1 2]/P 12 0 R/Pg 155 0 R/S/Link>> Hope grew dim for the backcountry farmers and planters as the provincial government, located in the east, levied taxes that they could not pay. <>stream In 1769, Governor Tryon dissolved the General Assembly and called for new elections. $/:+8,^"0ftY^o i Along with the changes in education, Charles Darwins theory of biological evolution and Karl Marxs suggestion that individuals were primarily motivated by economic motives became key points in shaping the progressive mindset. endobj . Which of the following statements about the Inca, Mayan, and Aztec civilizations is FALSE? %PDF-1.7 % These artists found their voice through the patronage of white Americans who found such creativity inspirational in times when many were becoming increasingly disillusioned. 0000001747 00000 n Exploration and colonization can mean a lot of things in US History, from space exploration to the age of exploration. However, the provincial government was unmoved by the protests, and merely shut them down. For this blog post and the questions I detail below, I will be describing the beginning of US History as it relates to the APUSH exam. The farmers who had once ruled the backcountry were now alienated among the other classes. Hardscrabble . In Chicagos gang wars of the 1920s, mobsters killed about 500 rivals in an effort to control the billion-dollar business of the underworld. endobj Its significance as a region remains in the heritage of a backcountry to what Virginia was in the eighteenth century and in a forecountry to what the United States was to become thereafter. No one was injured in the blast, but Palmers home was damaged and anarchist pamphlets were strewn up and down his Washington D.C. street. Despite being unaware of the number of Regulators, Governor Tryon was confident that he had the military advantage, and he was correct. Although the region west of the Blue Ridge Mountains had been occupied by American Indians for millennia prior to European contact and was fully incorporated into indigenous concepts of territorial organization, it did not harbor a large Indian population when colonial interests in the area first developed in the 1720s. Due to the high volume of comments across all of our blogs, we cannot promise that all comments will receive responses from our instructors. B. British governments failure to protect colonists from attacks by American Indians They voted Federalist in debates over the Constitution and actively supported the new central government whose economic power to integrate interstate and international commerce constituted the lifeblood of western Virginia in the nineteenth century. endobj Fast transportation, revenue generating gasoline taxes, and growing dependency on the automobile gave rise to suburb expansion in cities nationwide. 0000009364 00000 n Within these regional classifications, backcountry scholarship investigates the development of frontier communities, specifically addressing the political, economic, and social elements of backcrountry settlement and their relationship to the more established communities of the east. 0 In contrast, people in. D. fostering conflicts among major powers over access to new food supplies, 4. endobj GMAT Prep M-(fwF[mayn{6 The National Suffrage Association, led by Carrie Chapman Catt, continued to lobby and petition Congress. The ideas about government expressed in the excerpt are most consistent with which of the following? The British government restricted colonial growth throughout the 1600s with formal laws, c. The were outnumbered by French colonists beyond the Appalachian that blocked their expansion, d. The British respected the sovereignty of Native American and refused to encroach on their lands, 18. (a) The revolutionary spirit of the time was likely a reason for Jefferson to include this grievance in the Declaration of Independence. This blog post will not give an in-depth exploration of these topics. In fact, the postwar era seemed to influence many young writers who had become disillusioned by the hopeful optimism before the war, the harsh realities of the war itself, the tactics of the fundamentalist, and Klan brutality. 2 0 obj It was not uncommon for thecourthouse ringto take the farmers house as collateral, force them to pay fake court dues or extort them for horses or farming equipment to pay off their debts. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. While some Americans were concerned with the increasing immigration into the United States; others feared modernism and new ideas might usurp the authority of the church. 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