It . Das Siebenbrgenlied (i.e. List the most frequent surnames typically associated with these villages. Over the next few centuries, they built seven fortress towns, known as the Siebenbrgen, and hundreds of fortified churches. Jede Person in einer Familie konnte einen anderen beschreibenden mi.). The coastal stretch from the Elbe to the . Transylvanian Saxons, German-speaking population that in the Middle Ages settled in Transylvania, then part of Hungary. Als Gemeinschaften grer wurden, und Leute beweglicher oder Zakel has traced her family history in this village as far back as the 17th Century. For decades, the . of the former Kingdom of Hungary). Apply this search to the main name collection, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results. The legal foundation of their settlement in southern, southeastern, and northeastern Transylvania was officially stipulated within the Diploma Andreanum (German: Der Goldener Freibrief der Siebenbrger Sachsen, English: The Golden Charter of the Transylvanian Saxons, Romanian: Carta de aur a sailor transilvneni) issued by King Andrew II of Hungary which allocated them the royal land (Romanian: Pmntul criesc or Pmntul regal) under local autonomy known as Knigsboden or Fundus Regius in Latin. In comparative linguistics, Transylvanian Saxon is a West Central German dialect that is part of the Moselle Franconian branch. Allegedly, the term Saxon was applied to all Germans of these historical regions because the first German settlers who came to the Kingdom of Hungary were either poor miners or groups of convicts from Saxony.[23]. The latter region, centered around the town of Mhlbach (Romanian: Sebe), was known as Unterwald. The churches were positioned on high points overlooking the communities; stone structures punctuated with watchtowers and surrounded by high defensive stone walls. The Hungarians, on the other hand, supported complete unification of Transylvania with the rest of Hungary. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Transylvanian Saxons. This agreement preserved a considerable degree of political rights for the three aforementioned groups but excluded the largely Hungarian and Romanian peasantry from political life in the principality. In February 1942 and May 1943, Germany concluded agreements with Hungary and Romania respectively, following which the Germans who were fit for military service, although they were either Hungarian citizens (in Northern Transylvania, entered the composition of the Hungarian state through the Second Vienna Award) or Romanian citizens (in Southern Transylvania, remaining part of Romania), could be incorporated into the regular German military units, into the Waffen-SS and into war-producing enterprises or into the Organisation Todt. This Traditional Saxon Potato Tarragon Soup From Transylvania is a delicious, comforting soup, perfect during the winter season. Although many of these fortified churches have fallen into either decay or ruin, nowadays the south-eastern region of Transylvania still has one of the highest density of existing fortified churches from the 13th to 16th centuries[30] as more than 150 villages in the area count various types of fortified churches in good shape, seven of them being included in the UNESCO World Heritage under the name of Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania. In 1945 more than 70,000 Transylvanian Saxons were apprehended by Soviet occupiers and deported to labour camps in Siberia. Trgu Neam), they could have been equally helped in establishing it by the Teutonic Knights. ehrgeizig wurden, dieser Settlers from the Hermannstadt region spread into the Hrtibaciu River valley (German: Harbachtal) and to the foot of the Cibin (German: Zibin) and Sebe (German: Mhlbacher) mountains. changed their name! Transylvanian Saxons adopted surnames a little later than in western Europe, starting in the 1500's. Although many surnames are also common in other German-speaking areas, there are some distinctions due to the Saxon dialect's pronunciation and vocabulary, and due to loan-words from other languages, primarily Hungarian and Latin. The colonization continued until the end of the 13th century. The earliest text in Transylvanian Saxon was written by Johannes Trster in 1666.[56]. 'Neithausen' or 'New house' as it can be understood in Luxembourgish if divided into two words). These German settlers were invited by Gza II. Theyd been invited to settle the area by Hungarys King Gza II; their role was to develop an economy and to protect the borderlands of the Hungarian Kingdom from eastern invaders. Hochdeutsch), for example '' (or dumpfes a as it is known in standard German) which is pronounced as in Norwegian or Danish. Surnames are now important in identifying individuals and families over time. The Saxons first arrived in Romanias Transylvania region in the 12th Century from areas that today constitute Germany, France, Belgium and Luxembourg. An alternative term for them in standard German is also 'wehrkirchen' (i.e. For example, one of the traditions held was the "Neighborhood" (German: Nachbarschaften) in which many households formed a small supporting community. However, over the past few decades the community has all but vanished from the region decimated by one of modern Europes greatest ethnic migrations. The initial waves of Transylvanian Saxons were referred to as hospites flandrenses et teutonici or primi hospites regni in Latin,[12] literally "the Flemish and Teutonic guests" or "the first guests of the kingdom" (i.e. We want to pass on our traditions to our children because it is something beautiful. In 2017, after years of international travel, Marlene Stanciu and her partner Alex Herberth, who both have maternal Saxon heritage, moved to the large Saxon village of Cincu (Groschenk in German) to live in the former home of Stancius Saxon grandparents. the "national church" of the Transylvanian Saxons (or the people's church of the Saxons). A common interpretation of the tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin, dated to 26 June 1284 and recorded in Hamelin records that (the earliest of such records dating from 1384: "It is 100 years since our children left") when a group of 130 children from the town of Hamelin (German: Hameln), in present-day Lower Saxony, were led away from their hometown by a piper (who may be a folk memory of a lokator) is that this related to an emigration event as part of the Ostsiedlung (i.e. The Transylvanian-Saxons or simply "Saxons," were ethnic Germans who had been invited to Transylvania in the 12th century by the Hungarian king, Geza II. ABRABANEL ( , -br-b-nel ): Variant of the Spanish-Jewish surname Abravanel , meaning "little Abraham ," a personal name meaning "father of a multitude." Isaac Abrabanel (1437-1508), was a Jewish scholar and statesman. The initial phase of German settlement in Transylvania began in the mid and mid-late 12th century, with colonists travelling to and residing in what would later become known in standard German as Altland (i.e. Nearly 200,000 Romanians have this surname. Their native dialect, Transylvanian Saxon (endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch, German: Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch, Romanian: Dialectul ssesc) is close to Luxembourgish. Today it is mostly known as the pseudonym of the German children's book author and illustrator . The settlers clear the forest and build houses. This word in Romanian means 'bushy beard.'. wahrscheinlich im frhen Mittelalter verloren.). The Sachsenheim Originally a house purchased by the Transylvanian Saxons Sick Benefits Society in 1907, the Sachsenheim underwent major renovations in 1910 and 1925. Stanciu and Herberth have also revived a Saxon tradition called Urzelnlaufen, the custom of chasing away winter and bad spirits from the streets with handmade ghoulish-looking masks. Between them, they are reviving lost Saxon traditions and crafts through theirKraft Made concept. Stephan Ludwig Roth, an Evangelical Lutheran pastor and intellectual who led the German support for Romanian political rights, eventually opposed the unification of Transylvania with Hungary and was executed by the Hungarian military tribunal during the revolution. Gergely Szilvay. Use the drop-down list to select a specific part of the site. A newspaper dedicated to the community of Hungarian-Germans in Ohio is now on Chronicling America! 50. The house is an intriguing museum full of relics, including pits in the cellar floors which her family would have used as refrigerators. The patronymic surnames were derived largely from the Norman given names and the early Christian saints' names. . They called Transylvania "Siebenbrg," meaning "seven towns," for their original seven settlements. I have given after each surname the modern Romanian translation of the elements; most of these translations are probably accurate for medieval Romanian, but I cannot say for sure. 5. Founded in 1902, the Alliance is open to Americans of Transylvanian Saxon descent. Lupu. Prof. Jan de Maere: Flandrenses, Milites et Hospites" A History of Transylvania (2013) Link: K. Gndisch, "Autonomie de stri i regionalitate n Ardealul medieval, n Transilvania i saii ardeleni" n. (Although early Europeans did belong to various tribes On a scorching summer day in the Transylvanian village of apu (Abtsdorf an der Kokel in German), Doris-Evelyn Zakel is busy collecting pears from an old tree in the courtyard of her great aunts traditional Saxon home. Transylvanian Saxon community from local particularism to embracing a broader German community. The colonization of Transylvania by ethnic Germans later collectively known as Transylvanian Saxons began under the reign of King Gza II of Hungary (11411162). Ergnzt durch Logik und andere Forschungsquellen, u.a. Although the Teutonic Knights had left Transylvania, the Saxon colonists remained, and the king allowed them to retain the rights and obligations included within the Diploma Andreanum of 1224 by Hungarian King Andrew II. . . Other resolutions: 320 213 pixels | 640 427 pixels | 1,024 683 pixels | 1,280 853 pixels | 2,560 1,707 pixels. Additionally, the surrounding areas of the present-day town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt (former European Capital of Culture in 2007 alongside Luxembourg City) were formed of marshlands in the High Middle Ages. Saving this heritage is important because there is a history of [almost] 900 years., Romanias Transylvania Saxon community has all but vanished (Credit: Stephen McGrath). The Saxons remaining in Romania are represented by the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (FDGR/DFDR), the political platform that gave Romania its fifth president, Klaus Iohannis, who was firstly elected in 2014 and then re-elected by a landslide in 2019. A dictionary of Transylvanian Saxon was published in . Sie kamen durch mit nur einen Namen It was very hard at the beginning when our neighbours left, and when my best friend left as well that was very tough.. Janosch m German (Modern), Transylvanian Saxon. In its early years, it included the territories of Hermannstadt, Leschkirch (Nocrich), and Gro-Schenk (Cincu), the areas that were colonized the earliest by ethnic Germans in the region. The Saxons that settled in Transylvania have no relationship with the Anglo-Saxons, nor the Saxons found in the present German state of Saxony. The official coat of arms of the town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt, with the water lily including the two swords therein. B etween the collapse of the Ceausescu regime in December 1989 and the spring of 1990, half a million indigenous so-called "Saxons" fled Romania for West Germany. Consequently, they had to pay yearly tax to the king and provide military contributions to the royal army in case of danger of attack from abroad. The Saxons were a pious people, and the church, which acted as a safe house when under siege, was the centre-point of their communities. If you liked this story,sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newslettercalled "The Essential List". The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed. identifiers could change. For more than a hundred years starting in the 2nd century, the region in what is now Romania-comprised of the Transylvanian Basin and the lands to the south-was the Roman province of Dacia.Prior to this, the region had been settled by Indo-Europeans, which the Greeks called the Getae, who then intermingled with other tribes that the Romans . : Out of 25 ancestral surnames, 12 or 13 look German: 1) Neumann . Tabellen zusammengestellt mit Informationen von: In the Middle Ages, there were around 300 fortified Saxon churches in Transylvania; now only half of them still stand (Credit: Stephen McGrath). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Although the colonists came mostly from the western Holy Roman Empire and generally spoke Franconian dialects, they were collectively known as Saxons because of Germans working for the Hungarian chancellery. Everyone had left, some old people were here, and this old small community together with the state of the church and the buildings, it gave the image of a lost community.. Use the drop-down list to select a specific part of the site. Saxons came to Transylvania during the mid 1100s from . [14] As per the latest Romanian census conducted in 2022, their numbers are even fewer, as those of the entire German community in Romania as well. The road to Malancrav follows a snaking path with vistas stretching out across wildflower meadows of shepherds grazing their flocks in hilly pastures. They were subsequently allied with the Transylvanian Romanians and thus sided with the Austrian Empire in the context of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. His family claimed descent from the royal house of David. dr. Thomas Ngler", Unsere Deutsche Wurzeln/Our German Roots - Namensemantik (Deutung) der Siebenbrgisch-Schsische Familliennamen (Surnames), Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages, An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA, The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch, Transylvanian placenames in different languages, General forum for the Transylvanian Saxons, 'Hover & Hear' pronunciations in the Transylvanian Saxon language, Visual short story about the Transylvanian Saxons (with many archive images), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transylvanian_Saxons&oldid=1141880666, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles containing Hungarian-language text, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles containing Spanish-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:28. On the history of the Transylvanian Saxons, it is very important to note what former federal German president and professor doctor Theodor Heuss (FDP) stated, namely: "their history is a piece of German history as a whole".[21]. Between 1978 to 1989, under the cash-strapped communist dictatorship of Nicolae Ceauescu, manySaxons were soldin a mutual government schemeto West Germany in exchange for cash. They were given special royal privileges in the Andrean Diploma in 1224 ( Der Goldene Brief der Sachsen ). After the fall of communism in 1989, around 90% of the Saxons who remained fled Transylvania within a few months. Moreover, under the title of Schulthei, ethnic Germans were even briefly in charge of some of these settlements during the High Middle Ages. These names don't occur in the Keintzel-Schn book, however they are Jewish Communities Beginning in 1627, Jews were granted the right to settle, at first exclusively, in Karlsburg. I cant explain this kind of attachment, Stanciu said. Welcome to Geni, home of the world's largest family tree. British Surnames (National Institute) Barbu. In the Middle Ages, approximately 300 villages were defended by the Kirchenburgen, or fortified churches with massive walls and watch towers.[29]. Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages (in German) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . After all, the Saxon villages in Transylvania doubled as outposts used to defend trading routes through the countryside. (adjectives describing the person physically or their personality and In Transylvania, there were around 300 fortified Saxon churches in the Middle Ages; now only half of them still stand. Liste von Ortschaften in . [39], The newly arrived Saxons outside in the Carpathian arch in the emerging medieval Romanian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia brought urbanisation, craftsmanship, trade, and the so-called German law, under which the local administrations of medieval Romanian towns had operated in the beginning.[40]. About. Michael Wei, former mayor of Media/Mediasch. Statue of Johannes Honterus in Braov/Kronstadt by German sculptor Harro Magnussen, Stephan Ludwig Roth, intellectual and national hero for both the Transylvanian Saxons and the Romanians, Samuel von Brukenthal, Transylvanian Saxon intellectual and baron, Edith Soterius von Sachsenheim, visual artist. aside from Luxembourg, also contemporary Netherlands and Belgium) and from modern day France as well. The ruins of the Roman Catholic cathedral built by the Transylvanian Saxons in. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Display. Today, relatively few still live in Romania, where the second last official census (carried out in 2011) indicated 36,042 Germans, out of which only 11,400 were of Transylvanian Saxon descent. A second phase of German settlement during the early 13th century consisted of settlers primarily stemming from the Rhineland region, the southern Low Countries, and the Moselle region, with others from Thuringia, Bavaria, and even from France. German minority in Romania, in the Transylvanian region, Flag of the Transylvanian Saxons and the coat of arms of the, Medieval fortified Evangelical Lutheran church at. His actions were aimed at the political inequality within Transylvania, especially the political strength of the Saxons. Transylvanian Saxons The saga of a civilization in 4 parts: colonization, splendor, decline and today's touristic heritage Underdeveloped country seeking investors - this was the slogan of Eastern Europe after the fall of Communism. Leute-verwandt (persnliche Namen werden in einer Form zusammengefgt "Sohn von" oder "Anhnger von"). For centuries, the main tasks of the Transylvanian Saxons during the High Middle Ages were to protect the easternmost frontiers of the former Kingdom of Hungary against certain invading migratory Asiatic peoples, to bring more agriculture to the region, to instil Central European culture, enhance trade, and boost urbanisation and overall economic development. Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages; The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages ; General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . [52] Kartoffelknodel is yet another noteworthy traditional Transylvanian Saxon delight.[53]. . . Together they are translated as "black beard". The process of emigration continued during communist rule in Romania. The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbrger Sachsen in German) indeed have a long and storied history, and over many centuries they left an indelible mark on the region. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday. "sparks" for a smith), personal characteristics However, throughout the passing of time, demographically, their numbers gradually dwindled and had been subsequently assimilated in the local medieval Wallachian and Moldavian cultures by the overwhelming Romanian ethnic majority. At the same time, especially after Romania's accession into NATO and the EU, many Transylvanian Saxons are returning from Germany, reclaiming property lost to the former communist regime and/or starting up small and medium-sized enterprises. national costumes or Schsische Trachten). A locational surname whose literal meaning is "woodland clearing on or near a ridge", derived from the Old English hrycg meaning "ridge" and leah, meaning "clearing". It was used in writing to some text extent from then on, although High German was also used as a written language, and by the 19th century High German was the main written language used by Transylvanian Saxons. The first superintendent of the Saxons Evangelical Church, Paul Wiener, was elected by Saxon pastors at a synod on 6 February 1553.[28]. Rooms were built inside the walls, serving as food deposits in times of peace and shelter in times of siege. . wie wir sie wissen, nicht gebraucht. Other traditional Transylvanian Saxon dishes include: The Transylvanian Saxon dialect (endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch or simply just Sksesch; German: Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch) is a very conservative and rather archaic German dialect that has evolved throughout the passing of time relatively isolated from other German dialects (apart, most notably, from Transylvanian Landler). original holder of the name, there are, Neben den in der Heimat gewachsenen Nachnamen nimmt die Liste von All throughout this period of time, the Saxons in Transylvania served as administrators and military officers. Erkennungsnamen haben, und diese Erkennungsnamen konnten verndert THE TRANSYLVANIAN SAXONS IN 1848 The Germans of Transylvania, commonly called the Saxons, settled in the 12th and 13th centuries between Orastie and Brasov in the southeast and in the northeast around Bistrita. In Romanian, it is also known as lichiu ssesc or just lichiu. The Saxons first arrived in Romanias Transylvania region in the 12th Century, but over the past few decades the community has all but vanished from the region. . The predominantly German-populated Hermannstadt was a noteworthy cultural center within Transylvania in the past, while Kronstadt (Braov) represented a vital political center for the Transylvanian Saxons. Nonetheless, a sizable Transylvanian Saxon population also resides today in North America, most notably in the United States (specifically in Idaho, Ohio, and Colorado as well as in Canada, southern Ontario more precisely). sources for similar lists for other villages. Apply this search to the main name collection, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results. The Transylvanian Saxons, called like that since medieval times, are representing a western population with unknown origin, settled in the Arch of Romanian Carpathian Mountains in the earliest of the 12th century. Hrman (German: Honigberg) Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church. Of course, this policy affected Romanians as much as it did Germans. In these regards, the Transylvanian Saxon cuisine can be regarded as quintessentially Central European. Staats- oder Volksangehrigkeit). Additionally, it is equally important to mention the fact that the family name 'Sas' or 'Sasu' in Romanian and 'Szsz' respectively in Hungarian could denote both an ethnic lineage as well as a social liaison to the Saxon title awarded in Transylvania during the High Middle Ages. Typische Schsische Familiennamen - Typical Saxon Family Names Barbaneagra. The Saxons in northeastern Transylvania were also in charge of mining. [55] It is also important to note the fact that even proper names of some Transylvanian Saxon localities sound very similar to Luxembourgish (e.g. Hanklich from a local restaurant in Sibiu/Hermannstadt, Hanklich from a local bakery in Braov/Kronstadt, The Golden Charter of the Transylvanian Saxons, The proper usage of the term Saxon in the context of medieval Transylvania, Medieval colonies outside the Carpathian arch, Status of privileged class in Transylvania, Loss of elite status and unification with the Kingdom of Romania, The Hungarian King who invited the first German/Saxon settlers in Transylvania during the, The small blue grey-coloured region to the north of the map is situated in present-day. In the aftermath of the invasion, many Transylvanian towns were fortified with stone castles and an emphasis was put on developing towns economically. fortified churches). Saxons who had fought on behalf of the Third Reich were often left marooned in Germany and unwanted by the new authorities in . The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Sksen . ), Die SS nach 1945: Entschuldungsnarrative, populre Mythen, europische Erinnerungsdiskurse, Paul Milata, Motive rumniendeutscher Freiwilliger zum Eintritt in die Waffen-SS in Die Waffen-SS, Neue Forschungen, Series; Krieg in der Geschichte, "SZAB M. ATTILA - Betekints az erdlyi szszok autonmijba", "Hencles reteta de lichiu sasesc cu unt, oua, smantana", "DESTINAII CU GUST Sibiu: Aperitive sseti - cornulee cu carne", "Brodelawend ciorb tradiional sseasc", "Hinweise zur Schreibung der siebenbrgisch-schsischen Ortsnamen", "Transylvanian Saxon (Siweberjesch Sksesch)", "Siebenbrgen, Land des Segens (Siebenbrgen-Lied)", "Curriculum vitae Prof. univ. 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