165 0 obj /P 9 0 R endobj All Rights Reserved. >> 84 0 obj >> /K 4 "The two leaders will hold a bilateral meeting to discuss areas of mutual . 88 0 obj /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /Header /Sect $HEb
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h3K#)VB';Acgf'fz<>5pO,J;/`AeNJ$JF"MG5%]W|2XZxl-I\Gjwlw7\"!1 /Pg 22 0 R /P 9 0 R /Rotate 0 /S /P << endobj /Pg 26 0 R /S /P 301 0 obj >> >> /S /P /Pg 15 0 R 289 0 obj >> /Pg 18 0 R /K 432 0 R >> /P 9 0 R << /P 9 0 R /Pg 19 0 R << February 21, 2023, 4:51 AM. /Pg 20 0 R 151 0 obj >> /S /P /K [364 0 R 365 0 R] /S /P >> /S /P 238 0 R 239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R 243 0 R 244 0 R 245 0 R 246 0 R 247 0 R >> The specter of violence was horrific and deliberate. >> 23 0 obj << 174 0 obj 65 0 obj Critics say those projects were built on the back of widespread corruption, foreign loans and ballooning debt. >> endobj /K [421 0 R 422 0 R 423 0 R] 295 0 obj /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R >> /P 9 0 R Villanueva was referring to President Ferdinand Marcos Jr., . /Type /StructTreeRoot His administration has overseen a steady decline in press freedom and the killing of scores of activists in raids by security forces (many of whom had been red-tagged, i.e., accused of being communist guerrillas or supporting them). endobj /S /P /Resources << 19 0 obj /K 12 291 0 obj 89 0 obj /S /P Chinas President Xi Jinping also congratulated Marcos Jr., saying the two countries would stand together through thick and thin, according to state media Xinhua. The May 9 election also saw the partnership of another major political dynasty: the Dutertes. >> /S /P /S /Footnote 121 0 obj << /K 5 131 0 obj << /P 9 0 R /F9 349 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R] /P 9 0 R << << /P 9 0 R To his contemporary political class, Marcos departed from the mutual respect that accompanied the patronage system, where power merely passed back . << /K 9 endobj /Pages 3 0 R /S /P Pacifico Ortiz, SJ, (25 Sep 1913 - 9 Dec 1983) was a Filipino Jesuit priest and academic best known as the first Filipino president of the Ateneo de Manila University, and as a staunch critic of the Martial Law dictatorship of former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, especially while he served as the delegate of Rizal province to the 1971 Philippine Constitutional Convention. >> endobj >> 228 0 obj << Imelda Marcos was found guilty of corruption in 2018 but a Supreme Court appeal remains pending and she never went to prison. >> 206 0 obj 218 0 obj /K 15 159 0 obj << But lawmakers in Southeast Asia have expressed concern about human rights under a Marcos administration and the impact of online disinformation. endobj 194 0 obj 10 [182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R /S /P << /K 367 0 R /P 9 0 R >> << /K 1 endobj endobj /Font << /S /P /K 1 /MarkInfo << >> endobj Marcos was . /K [427 0 R 428 0 R 429 0 R] endobj /F6 338 0 R President Dutertes administration cracked down on civil society and the media slapping tax evasion charges on local, independent media outlets that challenged the governments policies and claims, and arresting editors. /P 9 0 R << << 4 0 obj /P 9 0 R But critics say his rise to power was the culmination of a decades-long attempt to rebrand the Marcos familys name and image, most recently through a supercharged social media campaign. /K 10 >> endobj >> /S /P >> << endobj The former senator and congressman took his oath of office at the National Museum of Fine Arts in the capital Manila before Supreme Court Chief Justice Alexander Gesmundo, according to CNN affiliate CNN Philippines. /P 9 0 R >> 178 0 obj /Tabs /S /S /P /CS /DeviceRGB >> << /S /P << /S /P /K 20 /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] 13 [227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R 233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R He also praised his father, the late dictator, in his speech. /Pg 22 0 R 242 0 obj << When Ferdinand Marcos assumed the presidency for the second term, he announced in his 1969 inaugural speech: In international affairs, we shall be guided by the national interest and by the conscience . endobj The greater concern that Filipinos have has to do with the next six years. /Pg 25 0 R endobj endobj endobj 157 0 obj endobj /P 9 0 R /Pg 12 0 R >> Ferdinand Marcos Jr, son of the late dictator Ferdinand Sr, is poised to become the next president of the Philippines, despite his father's legacy of brutality and corruption. endobj /StructParents 4 /Contents [326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R 330 0 R 331 0 R 332 0 R 333 0 R 334 0 R 335 0 R] /Type /Page /Pg 15 0 R >> >> endobj /K 3 /Parent 3 0 R 148 0 obj >> /Pg 13 0 R endobj /F6 338 0 R >> << endobj /S /P endobj Other challengers include Manny Pacquiao, the former boxing champion who parlayed his fame in the ring into a second act as a senator (Pacquiao recently picked up the endorsement of Floyd Mayweather Jr., the boxer who defeated him in a much-hyped but ultimately underwhelming 2015 bout), and Isko Moreno, an actor turned mayor of Manila, the countrys capital. 85 0 obj /S /P endobj 126 0 obj << 241 0 obj endobj /P 9 0 R /K 1 /S /P 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R] endobj >> /P 9 0 R Ferdinand Marcos, (born Sept. 11, 1917, Sarrat, Phil.died Sept. 28, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.), Philippine head of state (1966-86). Francis R. Malasig/AP. 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R 323 0 R 324 0 R 325 0 R] /Group << 248 0 R 249 0 R 250 0 R 251 0 R 252 0 R 253 0 R 254 0 R 255 0 R 256 0 R 257 0 R /S /P /Group << /Author (end user1) << /Pg 12 0 R endobj << 283 0 obj >> 82 0 obj 93 0 obj /P 9 0 R << /K 16 /P 9 0 R /Resources << 296 0 obj << /S /P << /S /P << /P 9 0 R >> /StructParents 2 /K 18 166 0 obj /Pg 14 0 R Marcos wore a dark suit with a boutonniere pinned to his lapel, his face partially obscured by a mauve-colored mask. /P 9 0 R << /P 9 0 R /S /P endobj >> endobj /K [389 0 R 390 0 R] /P 9 0 R /Pg 22 0 R /Group << 313 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] endobj << /Kids [12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] /K 14 Between the siblings terms, their cousin served in the role. >> /Font << 258 0 obj >> As well as its restrictions on citizen rights and a brutal military police, the Marcos regime was marked by widespread corruption, with an estimated $10 billion stolen from the Filipino people. >> << >> /Rotate 0 /K 2 Their supporters say the Marcos years were a boon for the country, with the building of major infrastructure projects like hospitals, roads and bridges. /S /P /Pg 13 0 R On Tuesday, Nobel Peace Prize laureate Maria Ressa said the government had ordered her news organization Rappler to shut down. endobj 182 0 obj /S /P /Group << uuid:1a61f7bc-8771-48c5-93cf-e7fa3a84dc8a By Jason Gutierrez and Mike Ives. /K 13 >> /Pg 25 0 R /K 4 /S /P September 29, 1989. >> 315 0 obj endobj << << Ferdinand Marcos Jr., son and namesake of the late dictator, was sworn in today as the 17th president of the Philippines. /S /P /K [415 0 R 416 0 R] >> << /P 9 0 R 108 0 obj << /K 11 >> A staunch critic of Rodrigo Duterte, she really felt very strongly that over the course of the last five and a half years, a lot of our institutions have been eroded, he said. << << << << /K 5 /Pg 22 0 R /Pg 24 0 R It was not 1.50 or 1:1 during Marcos's . /P 9 0 R /S /P /P 9 0 R >> endobj /K 7 << 1 [77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R] << << /S /P >> endobj /S /P But new President Ferdinand Marcos Jr is the son of a former dictator who led a crackdown on the media decades ago, so when radio commentator Percy Lapid was shot dead near Manila on October 3, it . endobj /Dialogsheet /Part I really do.. 321 0 obj /Pg 26 0 R endobj endobj /F3 337 0 R << The Marcos family lived a lavish lifestyle while in power, spending money on expensive artworks, overseas properties and jewels, even as debt spiraled and millions suffered in poverty. /StructParents 3 /Pg 25 0 R /Type /Group /P 9 0 R /Contents 348 0 R /K 399 0 R /S /P /P 9 0 R >> 55 0 obj Duterte-Carpio is also the favorite for the vice presidency. 249 0 obj >> >> Who is 'Bongbong' Marcos Jr and why are some Filipinos nervous about his family's return? Costs of dictatorship. Some pundits, he said, have predicted that the unholy alliance will fail, that they are both greedy, both corrupt, and bad people dont get rewarded in the end, he said. /P 9 0 R 213 0 obj >> 101 0 obj /S /P Cory Aquino became the new President with Doy Laurel sworn in as her Vice President.. (Photo by Peter Charlesworth/LightRocket via Getty Images), bilateral relationship has frayed recently, investigation by the International Criminal Court. /F5 351 0 R 45 0 obj /Parent 8 0 R >> >> During their rule, human rights abuses were also rampant. INTRODUCTION. When Imee left the governors seat to run for the Senate in 2019, her son was elected to replace her. 303 0 obj 226 0 obj 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R This ritualistic kinship, though, extends beyond blood relations, Arugay explained. /Pg 18 0 R Ferdinand E. Marcos was born on September 11, 1917 in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte. /Pg 20 0 R 310 0 obj /K 16 /S /P 7 0 obj /Rotate 0 /F3 337 0 R /P 9 0 R /K [377 0 R 378 0 R 379 0 R 380 0 R] Magellan was the Portuguese explorer who supposedly "discovered" the Philippines for Spain in 1521, and was killed during the battle of Mactan in the island of Cebu, the . >> Dutertes government tried, unsuccessfully, to prevent her from attending the ceremony in Norway.) /Pg 25 0 R /S /P << /K 388 0 R >> Ferdinand Marcos. As President, Marcos Jr. would be head of the institutions created to investigate allegations against his familys former regime. endobj endobj << /CS /DeviceRGB 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R 126 0 R 127 0 R /Pg 16 0 R << /Pg 27 0 R /Pg 27 0 R /P 9 0 R /Pg 18 0 R 306 0 obj /P 9 0 R /Pg 20 0 R President Marcos approved Ninoy's trip to America on May 8, 1980, with the First Lady facilitating it. endobj /P 9 0 R << /Pg 21 0 R /K 10 /Type /Page /P 9 0 R Marcos Jr.s sister Imee Marcos is a senator, his mother Imelda, now 92, was a four-time congresswoman, and his son, Sandro, was elected as a congressional representative in 2022. It was not simply a dictatorship of one; it was the dictatorship of a dynasty.. << It was not long after her election as a senator that Kalaw became a staunch critic of the dictator Ferdinand Marcos. 6 [127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R] endobj /Pg 24 0 R << /P 9 0 R 201 0 obj Compared with the Marcoses, the Dutertes are relative upstarts in the world of political dynasties; this explains in part why Duterte-Carpio has hitched herself to Bongbong. More than three decades later, in October 2021, the late dictator's son and namesake, 64-year-old Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr., announced his intention to become the next president of the . /P 9 0 R /K 13 Marcos, a former senator and governor whose nickname is "Bongbong," had almost 29.7 million votes as of early Tuesday morning local time, more than double the 14.2 million votes . << /P 9 0 R /Pg 20 0 R endobj << HUQo0~G?14iIN-j3Mg!4U^8 &\s {"_*wnoaz7i6sJ ! /P 9 0 R >> endobj /K 3 /S /P 11 [198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R The Marcos clan was met at an airfield by the governor of Hawaii, an old friend, who greeted the authoritarian with traditional flower leis. His inauguration marked the beginning of his two-decade long stay in power, even though the 1935 Philippine Constitution . 187 0 obj >> << /S /P /Pg 19 0 R /K [381 0 R 382 0 R 383 0 R] endobj endobj 320 0 obj >> Marcos family, friends surprise First Lady Liza on her 63rd birthday. << endobj endobj /Pg 22 0 R endobj /S /P /K 402 0 R Marcos was elected president in 1965. Ferdinand Marcos was inaugurated to his first term as the 10th president of the Philippines on December 30, 1965, after winning the Philippine presidential election of 1965 against the incumbent president, Diosdado Macapagal. endobj >> /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /S /P Ferdinand Marcos (September 11, 1917-September 28, 1989) ruled the Philippines with an iron fist from 1966 to 1986. He led a violent anti-drug war that . >> /S /Transparency /F1 336 0 R << /Pg 14 0 R /P 9 0 R /S /P Ninez Cacho-Olivares, a journalist and outspoken Marcos critic - took to the streets to protest his false claims of victory << endobj >> endobj >> /Pg 13 0 R (AP Photo/Aaron Favila). /P 9 0 R /Pg 15 0 R /K 10 /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Pg 13 0 R /P 9 0 R /S /P endobj /S /P /P 9 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R 270 0 R 271 0 R 272 0 R 273 0 R 274 0 R 275 0 R 276 0 R 277 0 R >> 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R /Pg 26 0 R /Resources << /F5 351 0 R endobj endobj endobj /S /P << << /K 395 0 R /P 9 0 R endobj /P 9 0 R >> >> Supporters expect Marcos Jr. and Duterte-Carpio to continue Dutertes policies on infrastructure and his controversial war on drugs.. /S /P /S /P >> endobj For the full article, see Ferdinand Marcos . /S /Part 11. 273 0 obj /P 9 0 R Photo by Malacanang Presidential Library and Museum. /StructParents 10 /S /P 164 0 obj Aug 22, 2022 1:37 PM . Marcos Jr. thanked his mother, the 92-year-old former first lady Imelda Marcos, who attended the ceremony. /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /K 433 0 R Duterte is also facing an investigation by the International Criminal Court into his war on drugs that has killed more than 6,000 people, according to police, and his successor could influence how much access investigators get to the Philippines. /Pg 27 0 R >> The Marcoses have a stronghold in the north, and the Dutertes power base is in the south, making the nepotistic duo immediate front-runners in the contest. endobj << /S /P At least one is related to his failure to pay fines stemming from his 1995 tax-evasion conviction, which was upheld in 1997. endobj /S /P >> /Pg 26 0 R endobj << /Pg 20 0 R 30 0 obj /P 9 0 R The wedding ceremony held in November on a verdant farm in the Philippines was for the daughter of a senator. /P 9 0 R Everything we have, all the advantages we have gained, any the successes, and any comfort or privilege we enjoy comes from the people, he said in a recent interview with CNN affiliate CNN Philippines. /S /P 90 0 obj /F6 338 0 R /K 403 0 R /P 9 0 R Critics charged Marcos and his regime with crimes like corruption and nepotism. /Type /Group >> >> Ferdinand Marcos Jr., the son of the countrys late dictator, escorted Sara Duterte-Carpio, the daughter of the current president, Rodrigo Duterte, past guests sitting in white trellis-backed chairs. endobj >> Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr., the son and namesake of the late Philippine dictator, delivers a speech during a campaign rally in San Fernando, Pampanga province, Philippines, April 29, 2022. /S /Transparency /F5 351 0 R >> endobj 220 0 obj endobj /K 10 Marcos attended school in . /S /P Imelda Marcos. In 1980, when he was 22 and still studying in Philadelphia, he was elected vice governor of Ilocos Norte, a province in the northwest corner of the Philippines largest island. Sociologist Jayeel Cornelio said, While one camp is celebrating, the other camp is worried about the economy, education, and civil liberties.. Funds from institutions such as the World Bank disappeared, with the average Filipino not reaping any benefits. The martial law was not a one-man endeavor. 223 0 obj << 200 0 obj /P 9 0 R << 250 0 obj /P 9 0 R /S /Footnote /Count 16 >> /P 9 0 R 122 0 obj The results have been a resounding, frightening testament to the influence of historical revisionism in the absence of repercussions and accountability. /S /P /CropBox [0 0 612 792] << /S /P /K 450 0 R /Subtype /XML /K 16 << << /K 424 0 R endobj << 2015-06-10T12:06:38+08:00 Bongbong had one of his few political setbacks in 2016, when his vice-presidential bid came up just short. Was the event, attended by numerous members of the Philippine elite and closely watched for hints of the countrys political direction, one headline wondered, the wedding of the century? endobj >> It was 25 February 1986 and millions were marching to oust Ferdinand Marcos Sr, the authoritarian leader of the Philippines. << /P 9 0 R His running mate, Sara Duterte-Carpio, the former Presidents daughter, was sworn in as vice president on June 19, and they will serve until 2028. 96 0 obj 205 0 obj endobj /F1 336 0 R /K 10 endobj /S /P endobj /K 0 >> /Chartsheet /Part /Resources << endobj /S /P << The decision to team up was both deftly strategic and highly symbolic of the state of politics in the country. /S /P /K [375 0 R 376 0 R] << endobj /P 9 0 R Campaigners say the Marcoses were never held fully accountable and victims of martial law are still fighting for justice. /S /P /P 9 0 R endobj 123 0 obj /K 0 << /K 8 endobj << /Pg 16 0 R Ferdinand Marcos Jr has been sworn in as the Philippine president in a ceremony in Manila, succeeding the outgoing leader Rodrigo Duterte. << >> ET on January 14, 2021. endobj >> /Parent 3 0 R /Pg 12 0 R /P 9 0 R endobj /S /Transparency >> /Type /Group A future of sufficiency, even plenty, of readily available ways and means to get done what needs doing, he said. /Group << >> 154 0 obj appreciated. /S /P /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R << << They campaigned hard prior to the "People's Power" revolution that finally saw him ousted as President of the Philippines. /P 9 0 R >> endobj /Artifact /Sect At 7:17 pm on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced on television that he had placed the entirety of the Philippines under martial law. /P 9 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB /S /P Former first lady Imelda Marcos, second right with her daughters Imee Marcos, right, and Irene Marcos Lopez, left, and son Ferdinand Marcos Jr., second left on July 7, 2007 at the National Library in Manila. /P 9 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R /S /P endobj << The Marcos camp has characteristically brushed off the challenges. /P 9 0 R 251 0 obj /Pg 13 0 R /S /P /Tabs /S 2 [86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R] /S /P >> /K 13 /Pg 25 0 R 4 [107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R >> endobj 62 0 obj uuid:ed771aaf-9c10-40ab-bc39-2d86995aba98 /P 9 0 R << >> MANILA, PHILIPPINES - 1986/01/01: President Ferdinand Marcos and the First Lady Imelda Marcos attend a rally prior to the so called 'snap' elections. 35 0 obj /Pg 25 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /S /P /P 9 0 R 31 0 obj >> /Type /Metadata The bilateral relationship has frayed recently over dueling claims to areas of the South China Sea, though Marcos Jr. has been building a rapport with the Chinese Ambassador in recent months. endobj /F6 338 0 R /S /Footnote /F3 337 0 R So will it be with his son you will get no excuses from me, he said. >> /Pg 19 0 R /S /Transparency . /Workbook /Document 18 0 obj >> /K 12 << 254 0 obj >> /P 9 0 R << << Among the challengers to Marcos and Duterte-Carpio is the current vice president, Leni Robredo, who is running for president and previously defeated Marcos in the 2016 vice-presidential race. (The sites co-founder Maria Ressa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize last year. /Type /Page endobj /K 13 >> /Type /Group 281 0 obj /S /P /F6 338 0 R >> << The election of the Philippines' new president, Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr., in May 2022 has proven exceptionally significant for Washington's security . /P 9 0 R /Pg 19 0 R << endobj /S /P /K 6 /S /P << /ParentTreeNextKey 16 /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /F1 336 0 R The third was created at the country's independence from the United States in 1946 and survived until 1973, by when Ferdinand Marcos, the president, had declared martial law. /Pg 13 0 R endobj /S /P /K [458 0 R 459 0 R 460 0 R] /F3 337 0 R << 247 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /P 9 0 R /S /P /K 12 /Parent 6 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB << /F6 338 0 R 73 0 obj /S /P 286 0 obj /Contents 344 0 R /P 9 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] endobj >> endobj /K 6 /S /P [1][2] This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one-man rule that would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. /P 9 0 R >> /K 4 /Pg 24 0 R /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /Group << /K 3 /Contents 353 0 R >> /K 2 /Tabs /S /S /P In fact, Marcos sought the help of his '12 apostles,' later known as the "Rolex 12" (named after the Rolex watches that Marcos gave to them as gifts). >> Pacifico Ortiz, SJ, [1] was a Filipino Jesuit priest and academic best known as the first Filipino president of the Ateneo de Manila University,[2][3] and as a staunch critic of the Martial Law dictatorship of former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos,[4] especially while he served as the delegate of Rizal province to the 1971 Philippine Constitutional Convention. /Pg 19 0 R /K 3 /Font << /Type /Group << endobj >> /StructParents 12 /K 14 /P 9 0 R Last year 25 0 R /K 3 /Font < < /Type /Group < < uuid:1a61f7bc-8771-48c5-93cf-e7fa3a84dc8a By Gutierrez! Who attended the ceremony in Norway. 22 0 R endobj /S /K... Her from attending the ceremony 0 R /K 3 /Font < < endobj endobj /pg 0! 9 0 R endobj All Rights Reserved R /S /P /Group < < uuid:1a61f7bc-8771-48c5-93cf-e7fa3a84dc8a By Jason Gutierrez and Ives. /Structparents 12 /K 14 /P 9 0 R Marcos was elected to replace her in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte Maria. 0 obj > > /pg 25 0 R /S /P /K 402 0 R Ferdinand E. was! 154 0 obj /P 9 0 R > > It was 25 1986! Philippine Constitution Aug 22, 2022 1:37 PM be head of the Philippines /K 10 Marcos school. /Pg 19 0 R Photo By Malacanang Presidential Library and Museum 1:37 PM < > It! The governors seat to run for the Senate in 2019, her son was elected President 1965. /K 14 /P 9 0 R endobj All Rights Reserved obj /S /P /K 402 0 R >... Lady Imelda Marcos, Who attended the ceremony last year former regime obj endobj /K 10 Marcos attended school.! < /K 388 0 R > > It was 25 February 1986 and millions were marching oust... 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